Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 10 Unit 9 Protecting the environment dưới đây nằm trong bộ đề ôn tập Tiếng Anh lớp 10 Global Success theo từng Unit năm học 2022 – 2023 do TaiLieuViet.vn sưu tầm và đăng tải. Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh unit 9 Protecting the environment lớp 10 gồm phần toàn bộ cấu trúc và cách dùng của Câu gián tiếp – Reported Speech giúp học sinh lớp 10 tổng hợp Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh trọng tâm hiệu quả.
I. Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh unit 9 lớp 10 Protecting the environment
1. Reported speech (Lời nói gián tiếp)
Direct speech được gọi là lời nói trực tiếp
– Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) là lời nói khi chúng ta lặp lại nguyên văn của người nào đó.
Reported speech/ indirect speech được gọi là lời nói gián tiếp.
– Lời nói gián tiếp (reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần dùng đúng những từ của người nói.
Ex: Direct speech
Peter says: “I am hungry”.
Peter nói: Tôi đói bụng”.
Reported speech
Peter said that he was hungry.
Peter nói rằng cậu ấy đói bụng.
Indirect speech or Reported speech (Lời nói gián tiếp hay còn gọi là lời tường thuật) Chúng ta sử dụng lời nói gián tiếp khi chúng ta dùng từ ngữ của mình để tường thuật lại điều mà người nào đó nói.
Muốn đổi câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu và đề nghị từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, chúng ta phải thay đổi chủ từ, động từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian hay địa điểm.
■ Động từ tường thuật thường được dùng là:
ordered = commanded: ra lệnh
asked = requested: yêu cầu
begged: nài nỉ
told: bảo
Ex: Direct: The teacher said to the students: “Sit down”.
Indirect: The teacher told the student to sit down.
Ex2: Direct: The teacher said to the students, “Don’t look at your books!”
Indirect: The teacher told the students not to look at their books.
Muốn đổi một câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, ta phải chú ý những nguyên tắc sau:
1) Động từ tường thuật của câu lời nói thường là say và tell.
Ex: My friend said, “I will call him tomorrow”.
—> My friend said that she would call him the day after.
2) Say to + Noun (Say to luôn luôn theo sau là một danh từ làm túc từ)
Ex: He said to his friend, “He will leave Ho Chi Minh City tomorrow”.
—> He told his friend that he would leave Ho Chi Minh City tomorrow.
Lưu ý:
— Ngoài say và tell một số động từ khác như ask, answer, exclaim, suggest,… cũng được dùng để tường thuật tùy theo ý nghĩa của câu lời nói.
3) Khi đổi một câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp ta phải lùi thì
|
DIRECT SPEECH |
INDIRECT SPEECH |
|
Present simple Jerry said, “I never eat chicken.” |
Past simple Jerry said that she never ate chicken. |
|
Present simple progressive She said, “I’m looking for the books.” |
Past progressive She said she was looking for the books. |
|
Present perfect He said, “I’ve watched that film.” |
Past perfect He said he had watched that film. |
|
Present perfect progressive Mark said, “I’ve been learning Japanese for 4 years.” |
Past perfect progressive Mark said he had been learning Japanese for 4 years. |
|
Past simple Mai said, “I went to the zoo by bus.” |
Past simple/ Past perfect Mai said she went/ had gone to the zoo by bus. |
|
Past Progressive Cherry said, “I was sitting in the park at 9 o’clock.” |
Past progressive/ Past perfect progressive Cherry said she was sitting/ had been sitting in the park at 9 o’clock. |
|
Past perfect Diana said, “My money had run out.” |
Past perfect Diana said her money had run out. |
|
Future simple July said, “I will phone you.” |
Future in the past July said she would phone me. |
|
Future Progressive Thomas said, “I will be playing football tomorrow.” |
Future progressive in the past Thomas said he would be playing football tomorrow. |
|
Modal verbs + Can He said, “You can sit there.” |
Modals in the past + Could He said we can sit there. |
|
+ May Tram said, “I may go to the museum.” |
+ Might Tram said she might go to the museum. |
|
+ Must Hoa said, “I must finish this report.” |
+ Must/ Had to Hoa said she must/ had to finish this report. |
4) Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian.
Trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong lời nói trực tiếp được biến đổi thành trạng từ khác trong lời nói gián tiếp.
this —> that
these —> those
here —> there
now —> then
today —> that day
tonight —> that night
ago —> before
this week —> that week
yesterday —> the day before
the day before yesterday —> two days before
last week — > the week before; the previous week
ago —> before
This + noun —> That + noun
These + nouns —> Those + nouns
This chỉ thị đại từ đứng một mình sẽ chuyển thành it.
These chỉ thị đại từ đứng một mình sẽ chuyển thành them.
Ex: Lan said, “I have seen this film.”
Lan said that she had seen that film.
He said, “ I bought these for you, Nga.”
He told Nga that he had bought them for her.
She said, “I met him yesterday.”
She said that she had seen him the day before.
b. Questions ( câu hỏi )
Câu hỏi được chia làm loại:
+ Yes/ No questions ( câu hỏi yes/ No ):
– Câu hỏi yes/ no là loại câu hỏi được trả lời bằng yes/ no.
Ex. Are you a doctor?
Does he live here?
– Để chuyển một hỏi yes/ no từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp thì chúng ta làm theo cấu trúc sau:
S1 + asked + (O) + IF/ WHETHER + S2 + V (lùi thì)….
– Tân ngữ sau động từ “ask” có thể có hoặc không.
Ex.
Trực tiếp: Miss Nga said, “Are you a foreigner?”
Gián tiếp: Miss Nga asked (me) if/ whether I was a foreigner.
Trực tiếp: “Does John understand music? He asked.
Gián tiếp: He asked (me) if/ whether John understood music.
+ WH – questions ( Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi )
– Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi là loại câu hỏi mà người hỏi muốn biết thêm thông tin và cần được giải đáp.
Ex.
What are you doing now?
Where did you go yesterday?
– Để chuyển câu hỏi có từ để hỏi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp thì chúng ta làm theo cấu trúc sau:
S1 + asked + (O) + WH – (when, where, how….) + S2 + V ( lùi thì )…..
Ex.
Trực tiếp: “ What is your name?” He asked.
Gián tiếp: He asked (me) what my name was.
c. Imperatives (Câu mệnh lệnh):
Câu mệnh lệnh là loại câu dùng để yêu cầu/ đề nghị người khác làm gì đó.
Cách nhận biết câu mệnh lệnh:
Câu mệnh lệnh thường được bắt đầu bằng:
– Động từ ( V )
Ex.
Open the windows, please. Hoặc please open the windows. ( Từ “please” có thề được thêm vào đầu hoặc cuối câu để tạo ra sự lịch sự.)
– Don’t + V …… ( Mệnh lệnh ở phủ định )
Ex.
Don’t smoke in the room.
– Can/ Could/ Will/ Would you + S + V …..? ( Chỉ yêu cầu lịch sự )
Ex.: Can you lend me some books? ( Bạn có thể cho tôi mượn một vài quyển sách được không ?)
Để chuyển câu hỏi có từ để hỏi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp thì chúng ta làm theo cấu trúc sau:
S + told/ asked/ ordered + O + (not) + to V +…….
Ex.
Trực tiếp: The teacher said to students ‘ Close the door, please”.
Gián tiếp: The teacher asked/ told students to close the door.
Note: Trong câu mệnh lệnh thì bắt buộc phải có tân ngữ ( người nghe ) nên chúng ta cần tìm tân ngữ trong câu.
Các cách để tìm tân ngữ:
– Đối với những câu mà đề bài đã cho sẵn thì ta chỉ việc lấy đó mà sử dụng.
Ex.
Trực tiếp: Lan said to Hung: “Open your book.” ( Hung là tân ngữ )
Gián tiếp: Lan told/ asked Hung to open his book.
– Đối với những câu mà người nghe được đặt ở vị trí cuối câu ( có dấu phẩy trước người nghe) thì ta lấy đó sử dụng .
Ex.
Trực tiếp: “ Help me clean the house, Nga”. Said Hung ( Nga là tân ngữ )
Gián tiếp: Hung asked. Told nga to help her clean the house.
– Đối với những câu mà không có người nghe được nhắc đến phía ngoài dấu ngoặc và không tìm thấy ở cuối câu thì ta xem xét phía trước người nói có tính từ sở hữu hay không. Nếu có thì ta lấy đó làm tân ngữ.
Ex.
Trực tiếp: Her mother said: “Don’t talk loudly in the room.” ( mẹ của cô ấy => người nghe là cô ấy, tân ngữ là her)
Gián tiếp: Her mother asked/ told her not to talk loudly in the room.
– Đối với những câu mà không thể tìm được tân ngữ theo 3 cách trên thì dùng “me” ( tôi ) làm tân ngữ ( người nghe )
Ex.
Trực tiếp: Lan said:”Go home work.”
Gián tiếp: Lan asked/ told me to go home then.
d) Trong các trường hợp sau đây thì động từ trong lời nói trực tiếp sẽ không thay đổi.
a) Động từ tường thuật ở thì tương lai đơn và các thì hiện tại (Hiện tại đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành, hiện tại tiếp diễn)
Ex: Lan says: “I am arriving at. about 6.00 a.m.”
Lan says she’s arriving at about 6.00 a.m
b) Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả chân lý.
Ex: My teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.”
My teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
c) Câu đi với cấu trúc would rather + subject + simple pastvà cấu trúc It’s high time + subject + simple past
Ex: He said, “I’d rather Lan took me to the airport.”
He said that he would rather Lan took him to the airport.
His father said, “It’s high time you went to bed, Hung.”
His father told Hung that it was high time he went to bed.
d) Câu đi với cấu trúc wish và câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3 khi chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp cũng không thay đổi thì.
Tóm lại để chuyển từ một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta phải chú ý sáu bước sau:
- Sử dụng một số động từ tường thuật: say, tell, ask, answer, exclaim, suggest…
- Thay đổi thì của động từ.
- Thay đổi ngôi, sô’ của đại từ.
- Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian.
- Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn.
- Thay đổi tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu, đại từ phản thân.
II. Bài tập ngữ pháp unit 9 lớp 10 Protecting the environment có đáp án
1. Put the following sentences into reported speech:
1. He said, “ I am going to town with my sister”
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. He said to her, “ You are wearing your best clothes”
…………………………………………………………………………………..
3. They said, “We are unlucky today”.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. She said to me, “I want to speak to your brother”
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. She said, “I have helped my mother”
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. John said to Mary, “She is ready to go with us”
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. She said to me, “They do not know you”
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. He said, “ I shall answer the phone”
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. She said to them, “You can do it if you try”
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. He said, “He has done his homework well”
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Choose the correct sentence.
1. “My mother has just had a baby,” said Mary
A. Mary said that her mother had just had a baby.
B. Mary said that my mother had just had a baby.
C. Mary said her mother has just had a baby.
D. Mary said my mother has just had a baby.
2. “I have found a new flat today ,” said Ann.
A. Ann told to me that she had found a new flat today.
B. Ann said that she had found a new flat that day.
C. Ann said to me that she had found a new flat this day .
D. Ann said that she has found a new flat the day before .
3. “I left my umbrella here last night”, said Jane
A. Jane said me that she had left her umbrella there the previous night.
B. I told Jane I had left my umbrella there the night before.
C. Jane told me she had left her umbrella there the night before.
D. Jane asked me to leave the umbrella there the previous day.
4. “I saw her in the park two hours ago,” said he.
A. He said I had seen her in the park two hours before.
B. He said he saw her in the park two hours before
C. He said he had seen her in the park two hours before.
D. He said I saw her in the park two hours before.
5. “I’m leaving here for Da Lat next week ” said Mrs Lan.
A. Mrs Lan said she was leaving there for Da Lat the following week.
B. Mrs Lan said to me she was leaving there for Da Lat next week.
C. Mrs Lan tells she is leaving here for Da Lat the following week.
D. Mrs Lan told me that I was leaving there for Da Lat the week after .
6. “ I haven’t received your post since last month, Jane”. The boss said.
A. The boss said that Jane hadn’t received his post since the previous month.
B. The boss said Jane that he hadn’t received her post since the previous month.
C. The boss said to Jane that he hadn’t received her post since the previous month.
D. The boss said Jane that he hadn’t received his post since the previous month.
7. Charlie said, “Tom had an accident last week but he wasn’t injured”.
A. He said Tom had an accident the week before but he wasn’t injured.
B. He said Tom had had an accident the previous week but he wasn’t injured.
C. He said Tom had had a accident the previous week but he hadn’t been injured.
D. He said Tom had an accident the following week but he hadn’t been injured.
8. Tony said, “I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year”.
A. Tony said he has never been to London and he thinks he would go there the following year.
B. Tony said he had never been to London and he thought he would go there the following year.
C. Tony said he had never been to London and he thinks he will go there the following year.
D. Tony said he would have never been to London and he thought he would go there the following year.
9. Barbara said, “I saw them at my parents’ house last year”
A. Barbara said I had seen them at my parents’ house last year.
B. Barbara said she saw them at her parents’ house the previous year.
C. Barbara said she had seen them at her parents’ house the previous year.
D. Barbara said they had seen her at her parents’ house the previous year.
10. Cindy said that “I haven’t seen John since last month.”
A. Cindy said she hasn’t seen John since the previous month
B. Cindy said she hadn’t seen John since the previous month
C. Cindy said she wasn’t seen John since the previous month
D. Cindy said she doesn’t see John since the previous month
11. Charlie said, “I’m thinking of going to live in Canada”.
A. Charlie said that I was thinking of going to live in Canada.
B. Charlie said that I am thinking of going to live in Canada.
C. Charlie said that he was thinking of going to live in Canada.
D. Charlie said that he is thinking of going to live in Canada.
12. Charlie said, “My father is in hospital”.
A. Charlie said that my father is in hospital.
B. Charlie said that his father was in hospital.
C. Charlie said that his father is in hospital.
D. Charlie said that my father was in hospital.
13. Charlie said, “Nora and Jim are getting married tomorrow
A. He said that Nora and Jim are getting married tomorrow
B. He said that Nora and Jim were getting married the next day.
C. He said that Nora and Jim were getting married tomorrow.
D. He said that Nora and Jim are getting married the next day.
14. Charlie said, “I haven’t seen Bill for a while”.
A. He said that he hadn’t seen Bill for a while.
B. He said that I haven’t seen Bill for a while.
C. He said that he hasn’t seen Bill for a while.
D. He said that I hadn’t seen Bill for a while.
15. Charlie said, “I’ve been playing tennis a lot recently”
A. Charlie said that I’ve been playing tennis recently.
B. Charlie said that he had been playing tennis recently.
C. Charlie said that he had bee playing tennis recently.
D. Charlie said that I had been playing tennis recently
16. Charlie said, “Margaret has had a baby”.
A. Charlie said Margaret has had a baby.
B. Charlie said Margaret had had a baby.
C. Charlie said Margaret had a baby.
D. Charlie said Margaret has a baby.
17. Charlie said, “I don’t know what Fred is doing”.
A. He said that he doesn’t know what Fred is doing.
B. He said that he didn’t know what Fred is doing.
C. He said that he doesn’t know what Fred was doing.
D. He said that he didn’t know what Fred was doing.
18. Charlie said, “I hardly ever go out these days”.
A. He said that he hardly ever went out these days.
B. He said that I hardly ever go out these days.
C. He said that I hardly ever went out these days.
D. He said that he hardly ever goes out these days.
Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
1. The stranger asked me where I ____________ from.
A. come B. coming C. to come D. came
2. Ms. Nga wanted to know what time ________.
A. the movie began B. the movie begins
C. does the movie begin D. did the movie begin
3. Mary said she ……… there the day before.
A. is B. had been C. will be D. would be
4. Mai asked Quang ……
A. when he will come back B. when he would come back
C. when he comes back D. when he is coming back
5. She told me _____________ her up at six o’clock.
A. please pick B. to pick C. should pick D. I can pick
6. He said that He and his friend _____________ married ______________.
A. were getting/ tomorrow B. are getting/ the next day
C. were getting/ the next day D. will get/ the day after
7. He asked me when _____________ there.
A. did I arrive B. will I arrive C. I had arrived D. I can arrive
8. The teacher said, “ I didn’t see her.” -> The teacher said ________ her.
A. he had seen B. I hadn’t seen C. he didn’t see D. he hadn’t seen
9. I wondered _________ the right thing.
A. If I am doing B. was I doing
C. am I doing D. whether I was doing
10. Tom ___________ that his mother was in hospital.
A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. asked me
ĐÁP ÁN
1. Put the following sentences into reported speech:
1. He told that he was going to town with his sister.
2. He told her that she was wearing her best clothes.
3. They told that they were unlucky that day.
4. She told me that she wanted to talk with my brother.
5. She told that she had helped her mother.
6. John told Mary that she was ready to go with them.
7. She told me that they did not know me.
8. He told that he would answer the phone.
9. She told them that they could do it if they tried.
10. He told that he had done his homework well.
2. Choose the correct sentence.
1 – A; 2 – B; 3 – C; 4 – B; 5 – A;
6 – C; 7 – C; 8 – B; 9 – C; 10 – B;
11 – C; 12 – B; 13 – B; 14 – A;
15 – B; 16 – B; 17 – D; 18 – A;
3. Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
1 – D; 2 – A; 3 – B; 4 – B; 5 – B;
6 – C; 7 – C; 8 – D; 9 – D; 10 – A;
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